The Propaganda War: India’s Information Campaigns against China and Pakistan

India has developed a sophisticated information warfare apparatus targeting Pakistan and, to a lesser extent, China, with the objective of discrediting strategic initiatives such as the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Investigations by EU DisinfoLab and the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) reveal India’s extensive use of fake media outlets, fabricated NGOs, and covert influence networks, running over 750 fake platforms across 116 countries to amplify anti-Pakistan and anti-China narratives. These operations involve doctored visuals, bot-driven social media campaigns, and recycled content to shape international perceptions and lobby influential institutions such as the EU and UN. This policy brief analyses the scale and methods of these disinformation campaigns and proposes a joint China–Pakistan strategy for rapid counter-disinformation, narrative building, and international exposure of India’s influence operations.