Hajra Hashmi, Author at IPRI - Islamabad Policy Research Institute

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 07/08/2025

Addressing the Nexus Between Human Trafficking and Terrorism

Download Human trafficking and terrorist financing form a cyclical, self-reinforcing nexus in Pakistan, where criminal syndicates and militant networks exploit vulnerable populations not only for profit but also to sustain extremist operations. According to the UNODC, criminal networks in Pakistan generated approximately…

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 18/07/2025

17193Views

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Courts for Timely Judgement

Download The Supreme Court of Pakistan’s March 2025 decision in Ishfaq Ahmed vs. Mushtaq Ahmed marks a defining moment in the digital evolution of Pakistan’s judiciary. Acknowledging the need for systemic reform in the face of overwhelming case backlogs, especially in the lower…

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 15/05/2025

15844Views

The Role of Non State Actors in Pakistan’s Security Landscape

Download The term “Non-State Actors” (NSAs) remains ambiguous in international law, despite various interpretations by different scholars and entities. This ambiguity stems from the complex nature of NSAs, which gives rise to both conceptual and dynamic issues. NSAs have become a significant force…

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 29/01/2025

10301Views

The Ethical Challenges of AI in Counter Terrorism Operations

Download The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in counterterrorism operations has revolutionized how governments and security agencies identify, prevent, and respond to terrorist activities. AI technologies, such as machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and surveillance tools, have enabled the rapid processing of large…

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 19/11/2024

5812Views

NAVIGATING CURRENCY EXCHANGE: THE INTERPLAY OF MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORISM FINANCING

Download Money laundering and terrorism financing are intricately connected to one another. Money laundering refers to the processing and movement of money or assets of illegal origin stemming from criminal activity. Terrorism financing is the raising, moving and using of funds to support…

Policy Brief by Hajra Hashmi 11/10/2024

5050Views

Defining Terrorism Under International Law

Download Terrorism is a term that has found permanent usage in everyday life around the globe. Legal and political fields both use the word at leisure; counter terrorism is a rapidly growing field of work. It is therefore concerning that terrorism does not…

Addressing the Nexus Between Human Trafficking and Terrorism

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Courts for Timely Judgement

The Role of Non State Actors in Pakistan’s Security Landscape

The Ethical Challenges of AI in Counter Terrorism Operations

NAVIGATING CURRENCY EXCHANGE: THE INTERPLAY OF MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORISM FINANCING

Defining Terrorism Under International Law

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