Purported “Abeyance” of The Indus Waters Treaty – Legal Options on The Way Forward

In the wake of the Pahalgam attack, India baselessly alleged Pakistan’s involvement and unilaterally declared the Indus Waters Treaty, 1960 (“IWT”) to be held in “abeyance.” However, the IWT contains no provision for such an action. Under international law—particularly the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (“VCLT”)—such unilateral action by India is impermissible. Moreover, India has long expressed dissatisfaction with the IWT, eyeing modifications to gain greater control over the western rivers. Pakistan, on the other hand, remains committed to resolving issues through the Treaty mandated dispute resolution mechanisms. This move by India not only undermines a historic water-sharing framework but also threatens regional peace and stability. To respond effectively, Pakistan must strengthen its diplomatic outreach and engage relevant international fora to safeguard its water rights.