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Agriculture contributes 24 percent to Pakistan’s national economy and employs 37.4 percent of the workforce. Despite this strong agricultural base, the bioeconomy’s share in national output remains among the lowest globally. This shows a wide gap between the available bioeconomy resources and…
This summer once again reminded Pakistan of a harsh truth: climate change is not a distant threat, it is a lived reality. From unprecedented heatwaves in Sindh and Punjab to flash floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan, millions of Pakistanis faced displacement,…
When it comes to terrorist groups’ cost-benefit calculus of adopting and innovating with emerging technologies, there are two opposing conceptual views.
The Israel-Palestine conflict is among the most protracted and unresolved conflicts in modern history. The Hague-based International Criminal Court (ICC) seeks to play a crucial role in ending impunity and investigating serious crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and…
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India and China have longstanding border disputes on all the three sectors that date back to the pre-partition colonial era. Aksai Chin remains a point of friction in the western sector due to the existence of simultaneous border demarcations i.e. McCartney-MacDonald Line…
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Bangladesh and India share almost 54 rivers, and India has control over the water-sharing of 43 rivers. Sharing the Teesta River’s water has remained a recurrent challenge. Almost 90 per cent of the river’s flow is during June to September, and the…
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Access to clean and safe water is essential for life, dignity, and public health, yet remains out of reach for many globally. It is increasingly recognized as a human right under key international instruments, and in Pakistan, courts have interpreted the constitutional…
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This brief explores India’s military intervention in Sri Lanka through the 1987 Indo-Sri Lanka Accord and the deployment of the IPKF. It examines how the mission, intended as peacekeeping, escalated into direct conflict with the LTTE; and how India’s withdrawal in 1990…
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This study examines the extensive role of India’s intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), in shaping Bangladesh’s domestic political, security, and strategic landscape since its creation in 1971. From providing covert support to the Mukti Bahini during the liberation war…
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The 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship still shapes India-Nepal relations, but many in Nepal see it as lopsided. It opened borders, allowed free movement and gave India a say in Nepal’s defence and foreign policy. Over time, this built deep dependence…
