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Pakistan is facing increasingly severe climate change challenges, necessitating the development of strong policy instruments to build resilience. This policy brief explores various climate models and their applicability in Pakistan. Among these models, the International Monetary Fund's Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT)…
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War has always existed in the world. Generally speaking conflicts among nations which result in use of arms and hostilities are called armed conflicts. International armed conflict and its defence have been defined in the Geneva Conventions as well as the UN…
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In the last ten years, India and Pakistan have been in a tug of war for the Geographical Indication (‘GI’) of Basmati rice. GI is very similar to trademarks as it relates to the quality and characteristics that can be only attributable…
The missile test dashboard is a database of Indian and Pakistani nuclear capable missile tests conducted since 1999 till date. The data is based on open source information coming in the form of either a press releases or news reports following a…
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The policy brief offers a comprehensive analysis of the escalating tensions and geopolitical complexities in the East African region, highlighting key flashpoints such as the Ethiopia-Somaliland port deal, the Sudanese civil war, and controversial elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).…
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India as a Nation-State has embarked on a far-right path to attain the status of a regional hegemonic power. The government in New Delhi and the hawkish national security establishment under the ideological capture of Hindutva seeks to expand Indian influence in…
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The normalisation of relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, brokered by China, can usher in an era of significant geopolitical dividends for the region as well as states like Pakistan. After a two year’s process of backchannel diplomacy supported by Iraq and…
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese led investment plan wherein the focus is to connect to world regions through economic cooperation. So far, 151 countries from Asia, Europe, Africa and Middle East have joined BRI. The two-way trade investment…