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This Policy Brief examines the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on Pakistan’s trade performance. It highlights that, over the years, Pakistan has concentrated on increasing the number of FTAs. However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to determine whether these FTAs have…
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This Paper explores the significance of industrial structural output for Pakistan’s economy focusing on GDP analysis. This may be about the mixed fortunes of the industrial sector, where sub-sectors like small-scale manufacturing and construction are relatively healthy whereas Large-scale manufacturing and…
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Tariff rationalisation is crucial for Pakistan's economic transformation, promoting export competitiveness, industrial efficiency, and trade integration. Pakistan's overdependence on high tariffs as a source of revenue has resulted in an anti-export bias, increasing the cost of production, deterring foreign investment, and…
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Pakistan's Policy Guidelines for Carbon Markets – 2024 are a critical step towards the application of carbon credits and emissions trading to fulfil the country's climate goals and achieve sustainable development objectives. The policy is consistent with the Paris Agreement and seeks…
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Pakistan’s Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) faces persistent challenges in tax collection, with the country's tax-to-GDP ratio stagnating at 10%—well below the global average of 15–20%. This shortfall is worsened by a largely informal economy (comprising nearly 70% of economic activity), widespread…
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This study examines public-public partnerships (PPPs) and public sector development projects (PSDPs) in Pakistan’s development strategy, focusing on their strengths, weaknesses, and synergies. PPPs provide efficiency, innovation, and resource sharing, and they are ideal for infrastructure development, large-scale energy projects, and technology-driven…
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The New Energy Vehicle Policy 2025-2030 is an ambitious road map to transform the whole transportation sector from fossil fuel to electrification in Pakistan. It was designed by the Ministry of Industries and Production in order to curtail dangerous greenhouse gas emissions,…
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This Policy Brief examines the role of regulators in the economic well-being of Pakistan. It highlights that discussions in Pakistan often advocate for more regulations. However, these arguments lack clear empirical evidence. This Brief investigates whether regulations improve economic well-being in Pakistan…
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Pakistan’s efforts to reduce poverty over the years have been reversed by COVID-19, introducing a new group of impoverished individuals classified as “New Poor, the segment of the population expected to become non-poor before COVID-19”. These individuals or households who previously maintained…
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Narcotics trafficking and drug abuse have been eroding Pakistan’s economy and society for a long time and have become a growing concern. Despite maintaining a zero-tolerance policy against all types and forms of drugs, Pakistan has not been able to eliminate the…
