Maham Naweed, Author at IPRI - Islamabad Policy Research Institute

Download India is pushing for modification of the Indus Waters Treaty (“IWT”), a long-standing water-sharing instrument between India and Pakistan. However, its arguments—based on population growth and climate change—fail to meet the legal criteria under international law for invoking the doctrine of rebus…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 19/03/2025

10575Views

The Cyber Terrorism Landscape for Dams in Pakistan

Download Due to their integral role in the preservation of natural resources, dams are prime targets for terrorist attacks. Along with the ‘traditional’ threat to the physicality of the structures themselves, a new, potentially more destructive threat has emerged: that of a cyber…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 26/02/2025

10460Views

PECA 2025: A Dispassionate Analysis

Download The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 was Pakistan’s initial effort to combat cybercrime. Recently, it has been updated through the 2025 amendment to address the rapidly evolving digital landscape. This amendment aims to modernize the legal framework, equipping the state…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 21/02/2025

9817Views

Responding to Water Blockades: Pakistan’s Recourse Under International Law

Download The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between Pakistan and India, defines water-sharing rights by allocating the Eastern Rivers to India and granting Pakistan control over the Western Rivers, while permitting India limited non-consumptive use under strict regulations. Recent Indian efforts…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 24/01/2025

8660Views

Holding India Accountable: Pakistan’s Legal Options under International Law to Address Covert Killings by India

Download killings conducted by India within Pakistan has escalated tensions in the region, with disturbing implications for Pakistan’s sovereignty and regional security. Since 2021, a series of assassinations, attributed to India’s intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), has targeted individuals associated…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 19/11/2024

5083Views

CENTRAL ASIAN TRADE, QTTA AND TIR CONVENTION

Download Central Asia is a region of immense importance for Pakistan concerning transit trade. If routes are compared which provide access to Central Asian Republics through Iran and Afghanistan, the route through China is comparatively shorter and politically stable. Therefore, Pakistan signed the…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 11/10/2024

3847Views

A Breach of International Law: The Legal Consequences of Israel’s use of Explosive Pagers

Download In September 2024, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah escalated with a series of coordinated attacks in Lebanon, where explosive devices embedded in pagers and walkie-talkies were detonated across the country. These attacks resulted in 37 deaths, thousands of injuries, and widespread…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 11/10/2024

3444Views

Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict: Ecocide in Gaza

Download The environmental situation in Gaza has deteriorated significantly as a result of recurrent armed conflicts. Gaza has experienced extensive damage to its natural resources, environment and infrastructure. Key environmental issues include the destruction of agricultural lands, contamination of water sources and severe…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 27/06/2024

3379Views

Enforcing ICJ’s Orders in South Africa v. Israel

Download In the ongoing devastating Gaza Conflict, South Africa took the decisive action of filing a case at the International Court of Justice (“ICJ”) accusing Israel of engaging in “genocidal acts” in Gaza. The ICJ has issued a series of orders, demanding that…

Policy Brief by Maham Naweed 03/06/2024

1886Views

Destruction of Religious Sites in India: A Legal Overview

Download The destruction of religious sites in India is a complex and deeply troubling issue. It stems from various factors such as religious intolerance, political agendas, communal tensions and acts of terrorism. These demolitions of religious sites, raise serious questions about violations of…

Indus Waters Treaty and the Myth of Fundamental Change – A Legal and Policy Assessment

The Cyber Terrorism Landscape for Dams in Pakistan

Responding to Water Blockades: Pakistan’s Recourse Under International Law

Holding India Accountable: Pakistan’s Legal Options under International Law to Address Covert Killings by India

CENTRAL ASIAN TRADE, QTTA AND TIR CONVENTION

A Breach of International Law: The Legal Consequences of Israel’s use of Explosive Pagers

Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict: Ecocide in Gaza

Enforcing ICJ’s Orders in South Africa v. Israel

Destruction of Religious Sites in India: A Legal Overview

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