The Award reinforced the view that India’s unilateral actions were inconsistent with the established legal mechanisms of the historic water-sharing arrangement.
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In the wake of the Pahalgam attack, India baselessly alleged Pakistan’s involvement and unilaterally declared the Indus Waters Treaty, 1960 (“IWT”) to be held in “abeyance.” However, the IWT contains no provision for such an action. Under international law—particularly the Vienna Convention…
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In recent days, there have been attempts to put legal flesh on the bones of India’s declared policy of holding the Indus Waters Treaty in “abeyance”. These initiatives have taken the form of seemingly coordinated published pieces by Indian authors that advance…
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India is pushing for modification of the Indus Waters Treaty (“IWT”), a long-standing water-sharing instrument between India and Pakistan. However, its arguments—based on population growth and climate change—fail to meet the legal criteria under international law for invoking the doctrine of rebus…
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Due to their integral role in the preservation of natural resources, dams are prime targets for terrorist attacks. Along with the ‘traditional’ threat to the physicality of the structures themselves, a new, potentially more destructive threat has emerged: that of a cyber…
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The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 was Pakistan’s initial effort to combat cybercrime. Recently, it has been updated through the 2025 amendment to address the rapidly evolving digital landscape. This amendment aims to modernize the legal framework, equipping the state…
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The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between Pakistan and India, defines water-sharing rights by allocating the Eastern Rivers to India and granting Pakistan control over the Western Rivers, while permitting India limited non-consumptive use under strict regulations. Recent Indian efforts…
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killings conducted by India within Pakistan has escalated tensions in the region, with disturbing implications for Pakistan’s sovereignty and regional security. Since 2021, a series of assassinations, attributed to India’s intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), has targeted individuals associated…
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Central Asia is a region of immense importance for Pakistan concerning transit trade. If routes are compared which provide access to Central Asian Republics through Iran and Afghanistan, the route through China is comparatively shorter and politically stable. Therefore, Pakistan signed the…
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In September 2024, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah escalated with a series of coordinated attacks in Lebanon, where explosive devices embedded in pagers and walkie-talkies were detonated across the country. These attacks resulted in 37 deaths, thousands of injuries, and widespread…