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Pakistan’s Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) faces persistent challenges in tax collection, with the country's tax-to-GDP ratio stagnating at 10%—well below the global average of 15–20%. This shortfall is worsened by a largely informal economy (comprising nearly 70% of economic activity), widespread…
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In this exploratory report, the authors ask whether an East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) linking Afghanistan, the Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), India, Iran, and Pakistan is feasible. Earlier efforts to develop economic corridors in this region have failed.…
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This paper explores the transformative capability of Artificial Intelligence in modernising public governance, focusing on its role in overcoming operational inefficiencies in government offices in Pakistan. The potential of AI in bringing about efficiency, reducing costs, and improving service delivery is illustrated…
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Pakistan’s efforts to reduce poverty over the years have been reversed by COVID-19, introducing a new group of impoverished individuals classified as “New Poor, the segment of the population expected to become non-poor before COVID-19”. These individuals or households who previously maintained…
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This paper explores the transformative potential of Frugal innovation in addressing Pakistan's socio-economic challenges. Frugal innovation, an indigenous approach characterised by resourcefulness and innovation, leverages limited resources to create cost-effective solutions. This method is particularly relevant for Pakistan, where a significant portion…
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This research paper explores the emerging potential of the carbon credit market in Pakistan, examining its capacity to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change while promoting economic growth. An efficiently managed clean development mechanism (CDM) is essential for attracting investments and…
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese led investment plan wherein the focus is to connect to world regions through economic cooperation. So far, 151 countries from Asia, Europe, Africa and Middle East have joined BRI. The two-way trade investment…
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Existing international climate finance is insufficient to meet Pakistan's mitigation and adaptation needs defined in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). To bridge this gap, Pakistan requires innovative financing solutions, such as concessional finance instruments like green bonds, debt-for-climate swaps, nature performance bonds,…
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With a 90% share in global trade, the Marine economy is considered to be a new growth point in the global economic paradigm. Due to Pakistan’s strategic geography, the Blue economy significantly contributes to the national GDP. More than…
