As Saudi authorities gunned down more than 400 Iranian pilgrims during the occasion of Hajj in 1987, it was one of the worst scenarios to set in their bilateral relations. It was a torpedoed mosaic of bad blood interaction since then-on for
Protection of a nation’s sovereignty, people, and resources from external and internal threats that can jeopardize its stability and well-being is the most critical strategic interest for any state and its survival. Prioritizing national security as the topmost strategic concern is even
The Ukraine war has gone wrong for all the stakeholders. Russia may have miscalculated the success of its “special operation” against Ukraine, negating earlier commentaries that Russia would defeat Ukraine in a matter of weeks. The Ukrainian resistance, with the assistance of
The South Asian region- home to 25% of the global population – is marked by deteriorating socio-economic conditions and volatile domestic political environments. The region also lags behind in terms of connectivity and bilateral trade. One of the reasons for bilateralism and
Barack Obama, the first Black-American President of the United States, quipped, “In a world of complex threats, our security and leadership depends on all elements of our power, including strong and principled diplomacy.” That aptly applies to the situation that Pakistan is
Pakistan has moved its attention to geo-economics ever since the publication of its first National Security Policy. Following a current worldwide trend, this strategy shift from geopolitics to geoeconomics. Geoeconomics is an approach to economics that considers the world economy’s geography and
The Interim Afghan Government’s (IAG) financial constraints and the confiscation of Afghan Central Bank reserves have had a direct impact on the nation’s economy. Economic instability has made it possible for adversarial forces to use the populace as a tool to further
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a centrepiece initiative of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC has evolved into an essential component of the BRI, connecting China’s western region to the rest of the world, including Central Asia. The BRI aspires
Prussian General Carl Von Clausewitz famously said, “War may have its own grammar but it does not have its own logic.” The situations of 1990s, 2000s and even today speak high of the chaos in Afghanistan. After the Russian withdrawal from Afghanistan,
India has been making efforts to establish a network of spies in several nations, but its nefarious plans are coming to light. A key example is Kulbushan Yadav, an Indian Navy officer who working for RAW, was apprehended by Pakistan, his travel
