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This Brief conducts a systematic analysis of Pakistan’s federal budget documents from 2010 to 2024 using a text mining approach. Despite significant shifts in domestic and global economic conditions, the focus of these documents has remained on recurring economic challenges such as…
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Pakistan received USD7 billion in the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) in the 25th arrangement of the IMF. Since independence, Pakistan has received financial assistance from the IMF twenty-five times, resulting in temporary short-term stability. However, the austerity measures proposed by these programs…
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Proponents of a free-floating or market-driven ER regime have argued that distortionary CB interventions in the foreign exchange (FX) market alter the ER trajectory. Historically, evidence shows such interventions result in ER misalignment, eventually leading to the widening of the trade deficits…
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Given Pakistan's recurrent dependence on IMF assistance for financial stability, the study underscores the importance of adhering to stringent IMF conditions. Assessing the Manifestoes against IMF criteria reveals a common emphasis among all parties on inclusive growth and inflation reduction. Notably, PML-N's…
Energy and economy are conjoint twins. Pakistan is in double jeopardy, as both of these are in deep troubles. They pose hen and chicken dilemma as to which one caused the other. The new government has taken a right decision to fix…
