At the intersection of resource sovereignty and global supply chains lies a question that Pakistan can no longer defer: in a world reordering itself around access to critical minerals, will Pakistan leverage its subterranean wealth or remain tethered to extraction without transformation?
As a confidence-building mechanism to resolve border disputes, the foundation of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) comprising China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan was laid down. The decision to create SCO was made 14 years ago. Today, SCO has emerged as an…
