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The Regulation of Emerging Risks in Swarm Drone Technologies

The rapid development of swarm drone technology has introduced new complexities to modern warfare. Capable of independent coordination and large scale precision attacks, swarm drones blur the line between human and machine decision making in combat. Their use raises serious legal and ethical concerns under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), particularly regarding distinction, proportionality, and accountability for unlawful harm. The absence of a clear international framework governing these systems further complicates their regulation under existing arms control treaties. As more states experiment with swarm capabilities, there is an urgent need for global dialogue and legal clarity to ensure their deployment remains consistent with humanitarian principles and international security norms.

IPRI

IPRI is one of the oldest non-partisan think-tanks on all facets of National Security including international relations & law, strategic studies, governance & public policy and economic security in Pakistan. Established in 1999, IPRI is affiliated with the National Security Division (NSD), Government of Pakistan.

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