Of utmost concern to the health of the federation are the two breeding challenges that have dominated the political discourse in recent times. The quest for revisiting the National Finance Commission (NFC) is the first of those challenges.
On August 31, 2025, in the Chinese city of Tianjin, an unlikely diplomatic chapter was written. Pakistan, the sole United Nations member state that for decades refused to recognise Armenia, finally established formal diplomatic ties with Yerevan. The joint communiquĂ© signed by…
Download
Since 1776, Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage has remained central to modern economic thought on international trade. Over time, however, its universal validity has been increasingly contested due to recurring trade imbalances, asymmetrical distribution of trade gains across nations, and instances…
Download
Since 1776, Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage has remained central to modern economic thought on international trade. Over time, however, its universal validity has been increasingly contested due to recurring trade imbalances, asymmetrical distribution of trade gains across nations, and instances…
Download
In 2019, India unveiled a new map that contained the border region districts of Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limphuyadhara of Nepal in its territory. This sparked outrage in the Nepalese community, which in turn added the eastern region of the Kalapani River. The…
Download
Since 1947, India has been Nepal's principal trading partner, influencing significantly the dynamics of its foreign economic relations. Due to Nepal's landlocked status and restricted access to the international market, India became the natural hub for the former’s commercial ecosystem. Nepal relies…
Download
India has developed a sophisticated information warfare apparatus targeting Pakistan and, to a lesser extent, China, with the objective of discrediting strategic initiatives such as the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Investigations by EU DisinfoLab and…
Download
Given its centrality to the heritage of Buddha civilisation, India uses culture and Buddhism as instruments of soft power in the projection of its foreign policy, aiming to maintain regional hegemony. India claims to uphold the principles of non-coercion and peaceful coexistence…
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s recently concluded visits to Kabul and Islamabad have placed regional connectivity as a top priority. During the Pakistan-Afghanistan-China Foreign Ministers’ Trilateral Meeting in Kabul, the three countries called for cooperation against terrorism. Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and…
Download
Pakistan has secured its crude oil import deal with the United States, marking a significant shift in its energy procurement strategy. This policy brief assesses the strategic, economic, and geopolitical implications of the U.S. deal compared to oil imports from traditional suppliers.…