The Award reinforced the view that India’s unilateral actions were inconsistent with the established legal mechanisms of the historic water-sharing arrangement.
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The recent escalation triggered by the Pahalgam incident in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir had been marked by a series of aggressive Indian military operations, carried out under the pretext of countering alleged threats from Pakistan. Despite the lack of credible…
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The Supreme Court of Pakistan’s March 2025 decision in Ishfaq Ahmed vs. Mushtaq Ahmed marks a defining moment in the digital evolution of Pakistan’s judiciary. Acknowledging the need for systemic reform in the face of overwhelming case backlogs, especially in the lower…
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This Policy Brief explores the implications of a premature trade liberalisation in Pakistan. It highlights that Pakistan’s economy faces recurring balance of payments crises, foreign exchange shortages, limited export diversification, and weak domestic demand. Collectively, these structural vulnerabilities pose a significant risk…
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In the wake of the Pahalgam attack, India baselessly alleged Pakistan’s involvement and unilaterally declared the Indus Waters Treaty, 1960 (“IWT”) to be held in “abeyance.” However, the IWT contains no provision for such an action. Under international law—particularly the Vienna Convention…
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This study examines the potential of Pakistan’s service sector to drive economic growth as the country faces declining manufacturing growth rates. As this shift aligns with global trends, the paper builds a case to confront structural and administrative inefficiencies within four key…
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The collapse of the 2025 Gaza ceasefire due to Israel’s obstruction of humanitarian aid and unilateral suspension of its obligations raises serious concerns under international law. While ceasefire agreements are often seen as political tools, they carry binding legal force when concluded…