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In September 2024, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah escalated with a series of coordinated attacks in Lebanon, where explosive devices embedded in pagers and walkie-talkies were detonated across the country. These attacks resulted in 37 deaths, thousands of injuries, and widespread…
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The environmental situation in Gaza has deteriorated significantly as a result of recurrent armed conflicts. Gaza has experienced extensive damage to its natural resources, environment and infrastructure. Key environmental issues include the destruction of agricultural lands, contamination of water sources and severe…
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Terrorism is a term that has found permanent usage in everyday life around the globe. Legal and political fields both use the word at leisure; counter terrorism is a rapidly growing field of work. It is therefore concerning that terrorism does not…
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The notion that the United States of America (U.S.A.) is a self-proclaimed superpower is complex and multifaceted. While the U.S. has undeniable strengths, various factors, including military ambiguities that have influenced globalisation in the post-9/11 era - particularly its unilateralism in an…
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Both Argentina and Pakistan are facing various political and economic challenges. Argentina is a presidential republic with approximately 47 million people. Under the presidency of Javier Milei, the country is pursuing a strict economic reform policy that includes aggressive economic liberalization through…
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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) provides an efficient, non-confrontational alternative to traditional litigation, using methods such as mediation, arbitration, and adjudication to resolve disputes. Mediation, in particular, stands out as a flexible and cost-effective solution, fostering open communication and cooperation between parties. The…
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The Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement (IFDA) holds significant potential for enhancing Pakistan's investment climate and attracting greater Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This agreement, encompassing nearly 130 WTO members, seeks to simplify administrative procedures, strengthen anti-corruption measures, and promote responsible business conduct,…
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This policy brief focuses on terrorism concerning international refugee law, particularly the principle of non-refoulement. Though largely recognized as one of the most critical security threats in the contemporary era, no definition has been established regarding terrorism under international law. This vagueness…
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The legal recognition and protection of transgender rights in Pakistan has been subject to a complex interplay of societal norms, cultural practices, and legislative frameworks. A significant stride towards addressing the marginalization of this community was marked by the enactment of the…
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This study critically examines the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Pakistan, with a focus on those established under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It identifies key challenges including attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), promoting export diversification, and enhancing employment opportunities.…