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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) provides an efficient, non-confrontational alternative to traditional litigation, using methods such as mediation, arbitration, and adjudication to resolve disputes. Mediation, in particular, stands out as a flexible and cost-effective solution, fostering open communication and cooperation between parties. The…
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The Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement (IFDA) holds significant potential for enhancing Pakistan's investment climate and attracting greater Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This agreement, encompassing nearly 130 WTO members, seeks to simplify administrative procedures, strengthen anti-corruption measures, and promote responsible business conduct,…
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This policy brief focuses on terrorism concerning international refugee law, particularly the principle of non-refoulement. Though largely recognized as one of the most critical security threats in the contemporary era, no definition has been established regarding terrorism under international law. This vagueness…
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The legal recognition and protection of transgender rights in Pakistan has been subject to a complex interplay of societal norms, cultural practices, and legislative frameworks. A significant stride towards addressing the marginalization of this community was marked by the enactment of the…
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This study critically examines the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Pakistan, with a focus on those established under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It identifies key challenges including attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), promoting export diversification, and enhancing employment opportunities.…
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In recent times, there has been an increase in the intersection between refugee law and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). The aim is to extend protection for all individuals. Refugee law is considered to be restrictive and is supplemented with IHRL which…
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The rapid advancement of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, 5G networks, and autonomous systems, presents both significant opportunities and challenges for national security. While these technologies have the potential to enhance defense capabilities, intelligence gathering, and cybersecurity, they…
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Price stability has always been an important concern for policymakers. Post-COVID inflationary episodes, the Russia-Ukraine war, Supply chain disruptions, and increased commodity prices the issue resurfaced across all economies. Monetary policy is considered to be responsible for controlling inflation across all economies.…
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Bilateral Investment Treaties (“BITs”) have played a double-edged role in the economic development and progression of Pakistan. It is claimed that BITs have aided in attracting inward Foreign Direct Investment (“FDI”) in a variety of sectors in Pakistan. However, BITs have also…